Journals for as I Lay Dying Essay

Most writers give little subtleties all through the novel of where and when a story happens, and the peruser must sort the bits out. As I lay biting the dust is no special case and like some other book gives numerous instances of setting. Leading you can recount to that the story happens numerous years prior through straightforward explanations given all through the novel. For instance, when it says that the entirety of the ladies within the house needed to utilize fans to cool themselves it recommends that cooling was nowhere to be found at this point, thusly it was a previous time. (Page 81) Also all through the whole start of the novel Cash’s just instruments for building Addie’s final resting place are a saw and sledge, there is no notice of any fresher force apparatuses. At that point when Anse is conversing with a portion of different men about shipping Addie’s final resting place a character makes reference to that the scaffold was worked back when his fir st kid was conceived in 1988. (83) Also on page 83 when the flooding of said connect is noted somebody remarks on how they needed to skim their ponies over the water to get to Anse’s house. This shows the novel occurred numerous years prior in the late 1800’s when individuals depended on ponies to get around. Additionally at whatever point anybody makes reference to transportation they talk about their carts otherwise known as: They travel in carts since vehicles don't exist yet. The last bit of proof which shows the story occurred some time back is when Cash is at long last completing Addie’s casket around evening time in the heavy storm and he needs to utilize a lamp to find in obscurity. (Page 57) It shows that this novel occurred before electric lamps were around in light of the fact that Cash needed to surrender his overcoat to keep the light dry and lit while if this had occurred at a progressively flow time he would have utilized a spotlight and kept himself dry. The time period which this story happens stays comprise however the spot changes as the novel advances. First and foremost we discover that the Bundruns house sits alone directly before a street (page 35) Then later when specialist Peabody stays with we discover that they live on a mountain (page 41) Another thing n oted is that the Bundruns own a decent measure of property for their restricted assets and they own their own animal dwellingplace house also. (Page 38). Later the story happens out and about as the Bundruns advance towards Jefferson. One of the numerous instances of this is on page 156 when Anse makes reference to the dangerous earth street and the troubles it may posture for the rest of their movement. Diary 2 and 3: mother is a fish tools=cash Addie=coffin Anse unfit to smooth covers page 51 jewl’s mother is a pony and is what was 95 The fish assumes an emblematic job in aiding Vardaman get demise. â€Å"It was not her since it was laying right there in the soil. What's more, presently it’s all cleaved up. I slashed it up. It’s laying in the kitchen in the draining dish, holding on to be cooked and ate. At that point it wasn’t and she was, and now it is and she wasn’t† (66-67). This was Vardaman’s uncorrupt clarification for his mother’s demise. This statement passes on how the fish was a fish lying in the soil, presently it is not, at this point a fish since it no longer has a body. So also when Addie is let go in her final resting place her body will be no more. By his mom kicking the bucket if â€Å"Cash nails the case up†, his mom will never again be his mom (66).Addie â€Å"was† a fish as opposed to â€Å"is† a fish. The fish represents Addie’s demise to Vardaman it could be said that physical being passes on presence. All through the starting segments of the novel, Cash has consistently been portrayed as sawing or pounding. The instruments in the end begin to speak to Cash himself. Truth be told before anybody even see’s Cash the sawing and the pounding of his devices are heard first. Money is entirely steady and relentless simply like his apparatuses. While Cash was developing the casket with his instruments in any event, when it started to rain, Cash kept on working. â€Å"Cash wor ks on†¦dynamic stability over his resolute elbow†¦It starts to rain†¦in a moment Cash is wet to the skin. However the movement of the saw has not vacillated, as if it and the arm worked in peaceful conviction that the downpour was a deception of the mind† (77). By having the saw not flounder, Cash’s consistent, stable character is depicted He is the reasonable and generally rational of the entirety of the Bundruns. The apparatuses themselves spoke to Cash’s genuine character. On the off chance that the apparatuses were lost or not alongside him he felt lost. When he’s not securely with his apparatuses he loses his mental stability. New teeth represent Anse’s childishness. Indeed, even while everybody is assembled around his wife’s passing bed, he can just consider getting tightly to new teeth.† God’s will be done,† he says, â€Å"Now I can get them teeth† (52). Anse shows narrow-mindedness by his obtuseness. He basically states what’s done will be done and afterward centers around himself. He is continually putting the requirements, and wants of his kids aside and concentrating on his own needs. Indeed, even Dewy Dells fetus removal is underdog to him. Anse’s just al l consuming purpose/rationale all through the novel is to get a couple of new teeth, even his objective to cover his own better half where he guaranteed comes in second to getting his new teeth. He just wishes to cover Addie in Jefferson out of his own narrow minded reasons. The teeth speak to his self-centeredness in light of the fact that whenever when every other person is stressed over Addie, he isn't; he is off considering new teeth. He doesn't run over remotely irritated with losing his better half rather he fantasizes about teeth. Jewel’s relationship with his pony speaks to his relationship with his mom. Darl ridicules Jewel and says his mom is a pony, recommending that what Jewel feels for the pony is the thing that he feels for his mother.(page 51) Jewel acts viciously toward his pony, yet it ought to be noticed that Jewl’s character is one of viciousness. Gem was conceived as the consequence of savagery due to what Addie needed from evangelist Whitfield. Jewel’s monologs show the fierce pictures in his brain. He has a more grounded character than any of the different Bundruns and individuals appear to fear him. He even communicates his adoration for Addie through Violence when He remains on high slope and tosses rocks at individuals down underneath. It is additionally essential to recall that it is Jewel who brutally and without any assistance spares Addie from the stream and the fire.(page 203) These demonstrations show his adoration for his mom. Despite the fact that now and again it is difficult to accept he at any point had love for his mom, similar to when he won't bid farewell to her when he realizes it is the last time her will ever observe her. He essentially can’t express his feelings aside from in images of viciousness, and the serious cherishing; rough relationship with the pony is the thing that gives knowledge into his character. Accordingly his pony represents the adoration he has for his mom and recommends the brutal conditions of his introduction to the world. Addie’s final resting place comes to speak to the family’s brokenness. Money is fixated on getting the estimations right, yet the final resting place stays lopsided. In like manner the entirety of the Bundruns themselves are unequal. Addie needs a final resting place sufficiently solid to safeguard her body gets to Jefferson, the city she has requested she be covered in. Addie’s request is narrow minded and she couldn't care less for how much difficulty it will cause her family. Money breaks his leg when he pursues the final resting place in the waterway and endures untold torment. The most youthful kid Vardaman drills openings into the casket inadvertently penetrating two gaps into his mother’s face since he thinks she can’t relax. (page 71) After eight days, the smell exuding from the casket is rotten. It is as though the final resting place is a jinx.(page 239) The final resting place starts to represent the family’s brokenness on the grounds that the entirety of the unfortunate and sad things that happen to the Bundruns encompass the final resting place. Covering the final resting place represents the arrival to commonality. In spite of the fact that the Bundruns form regularity is sending Darl off to a psychological organization and finding another Mrs. Bundren. One significant and emblematic occasion is when Addie was approaching her demise and Anse can't streamline the covers her on page 51. This shows exactly how much their marriage had crumpled and how little they thought about one another. Anse has no genuine romance for his significant other in his heart, hence caring acts, for example, smoothing her covers while she is on her deathbed don't easily fall into place for him. Addie has no affection for Anse either and she just scowls at Anse as he endeavors to smooth her covers. She doesn't need his touch or him in the room even. Likewise in this scene when Addie at long last passes Dewey Dell responds genuinely and hurls herself on her mom and Vardiman and Cash both respond with some misery also. While Anse’s contemplations despite everything appear to be stuck on teeth, he doesn't remark further on his wife’s passing he just reveals to Dewey Dell to come and make dinner and goes to by and by fumblingly spread Addie with a cover and attempt to smooth it. Diary 4: allegorical language William Faulkner has an alternate composing style than most different creators, even his utilization of metaphorical language is one of his own. Something that stands apart about his utilization of allegorical language is that by far most of the time he utilizes it to portray nature. For instance, Faulkner utilizes a likeness to show that a whole day has gone in just 1  ½ pages. He utilizes the situation of the sun to show that it is now evening. â€Å"The sun, an hour over the skyline, is ready like a wicked egg upon a peak of thunderheads.† (page 39) Another thing one may see about Faulkner’s method is that he will in general look at individuals, articles, or attributes with creatures. One case of this is when Faulkner analyzes Anse to a chicken. â€Å"His hair was pushed back and tangled up on his head like a plunged rooster†. (pg. 43) This was when Addie was

Law at the Vanishing Point

Question: Depict about the Law at the disappearing point? Answer: Here the referenced explanation is graphic in nature as it is referenced in the alluded course book that the matter of the Plasma International was going acceptable and smooth just as it was a lot of productive as the association used to purchase the blood at a pace of 15 pennies for every 16 ounces and it was utilized to put on sell by them to the United State and South America at the pace of $25 per half quart. It empowered the organization to gain a colossal measure of benefit by selling bloods; they sold around ten thousand pints at an absolute cost of $25000. The referenced in the inquiry is impliedly depicted in the alluded setting, in this domain, corporate greed in blood advertising isn't new in United State, there blood used to be sold and bought. It disheartens the intentional blood givers as well as influences the clinical field of the country as it happens in the psyche of the givers that others are selling a similar what they are giving . In the nations like Britain, New Zealand, Australia, blood are not a ware which might be put on available to be purchased, the blood donation centers of those nations are totally relied on the willful blood benefactors. The referenced articulation is regulating in nature as the whole article condemned the corporate greed of blood, which is viewed as a brutal business that an association used to purchase blood at an exceptionally modest rate and sells them in a high rate, it makes harm the clinical arrangement of the nation and it likewise denies the people who really need blood for sparing their life. Corporate greed of blood disheartens the volunteer blood benefactors, as it ought not be a business with life of living individuals. The referenced explanation can be considered as a standardizing nature of articulation, as Dr. Arthur has edify a few focuses identifying with the corporate greed of body portions of people, it includes extraordinary moral dampening. Body parts like kidney or blood or some other organ ought to be accommodated the motivation behind sparing the life of an individual, these body organs are not to be considered as a general ware with a money esteem. As an individual deal his organ against some measure of cash yet the organ may not be utilized for any genuine required individual who might be monetarily not exceptionally solid. Organs of the human body must be given with the free assent of the benefactor intentionally with an object of sparing the life of any coloring individual, it ought not be given for cash or some other thought by method of money or kind. B. According to the specific circumstance, in selling of body organs like blood, kidney or some other part, the idea of moral selfishness comes into power, as the idea implies that the ethical specialists ought to do for their advantage and the enthusiasm of the huge (RabateãÅ"⠁, 2001). Here the individual selling their blood and different organs alongside the association that are buying such organs by giving a little measure of cash and winning a tremendous measure of cash, neither of them are considering the enthusiasm of the human conduct or the government assistance of the people (Hills, 2010). The standard of utilitarianism worries about the rightness or unfairness of an activity identifying with enthusiasm of the huge. In such manner it very well may be said that the recommended rule isn't being followed in the matter of selling and buying human blood alongside other body organs (Scarre, 2002). It is morally dishonorable for the general public that where an individual is battling with death for blood the equivalent is put on available to be purchased for some measure of cash which might be used for fulfilling their enslavement (Bykvist, 2009). In this tenet it is referenced that standard forces commitment upon the people. It manages a situation from where it can pass judgment on the profound quality of a demonstration. In the matter of human organs there is no morals by any stretch of the imagination, they all are occupied in gaining cash, and they dont even feel that these organs are fundamental for sparing the life of a person. In any case, they are leading their brutal method of procuring benefits (Tichy and McGill, 2003). As indicated by my supposition, the procedure utilized in Britain, Australia and New Zealand is vastly improved from the methodology of USA to the extent blood assortment framework is concern. Moral viewpoint as well as in a general structure, blood isn't a ware that can be delivered by any organization, it is a characteristic gift to us. Blood and other body organs are exceptionally basic in sparing the life of an individual, it ought not place into a business for a point of gaining cash, which is done in USA, yet in other referenced nations these isn't, where the blood donation centers of these nations are for the most part relied on the volunteer contributor, they neither need to purchase bloods nor need to put them on available to be purchased like a general product (Mordini and Green, 2009). According to moral perspective it tends to be said that business are utilized to be finished with general products not with the life of the leaving animals of the general public. Selling and buying blood is barbaric movement (White, 2005). Aside from that in USA Plasma International buying the bloods by exploiting the dependent and destitute individuals, they even give a base impressive segment to them from whom they purchasing the blood that will be sold by them in excess of multiple times cost. Organizations of human organs are deceptive yet here the Plasma International Company crossed all the degrees of morals as they are not exclusively doing barbaric business however they are likewise doing it in a cruel manner. It is only exploiting poor people and powerless individuals by encroaching their essential right to life (Fichtelberg, 2008). References Bykvist, K. (2009).Utilitarianism. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Fichtelberg, A. (2008).Law at the evaporating point. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Slopes, A. (2010).The dearest self. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mordini, E. what's more, Green, M. (2009).Identity, security and popular government. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. RabateãÅ"⠁, J. (2001).James Joyce and the governmental issues of pride. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Scarre, G. (2002).Utilitarianism. London: Routledge. Tichy, N. what's more, McGill, A. (2003).The moral test. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. White, M. (2005).From a philosophical perspective. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Willpower Train Your Brain to Do The Things That Matter Most

Willpower Train Your Brain to Do The Things That Matter Most I struggle constantly with willpower, and I know that I’m not alone. It seems like in this modern age it’s harder than ever to convince ourselves to do the important stuff, whether that’s work, getting in shape, taking care of ourselves, or any of the other things that we have to do whether we want to or not. That’s what willpower is: the self-control to do the things that matter most, even â€" especially â€" when we don’t want to. It’s a trait that has been crucial to human survival. So why is it sometimes so difficult to access? That’s what willpower is: the self-control to do the things that matter most, even â€" especially â€" when we don’t want to. Kelly McGonigal is considered the worldwide expert on willpower, and her book The Willpower Instinct is a scientific-yet-compassionate read for anyone who struggles with accessing their willpower. She describes willpower as a struggle between two sides of ourselves. There’s the long-term thinking side that knows you need to work, or take care of your body. Then there’s the instant gratification side of you that says, well, I’d rather not. I’d really rather be comfortable than uncomfortable. We need both sides for survival, but our modern world encourages us to hang out in the instant gratification area of our minds and it can be hard to leave that cozy place we’ve become so comfortable in. Yet that’s no way to live. We need to be able to look towards the bigger picture, tolerate discomfort and push ourselves to be better. Many people blame their various life problems on a lack of willpower, myself included. So â€" how do we access it when we need it the most? Willpower is like a muscle. As you train your brain (you’re literally rewiring it), your willpower gets stronger. It’s important to understand that willpower is a limited and expensive resource. Throughout the day as you make decisions, put up with distractions, and work on your goals, staying in your long-term-thinking side of the brain, your willpower is depleted. By the end of the day, it’s oh-so-hard to get to the gym or resist that extra helping of dessert or catch up on work. But: willpower is also like a muscle. As you train your brain (you’re literally rewiring it), your willpower gets stronger, and it takes longer to deplete your reserves. So there’s hope for us all, even me. We all hold in our minds and bodies the capacity to be willpower machines. Here’s where we start: Find Your Strength It can be a challenge to find that part of yourself that is willing to sacrifice temporary discomfort for long-term gain. But it is there. One thing McGonigal notes is that often we fail at our goals because they are not truly important to us. If your goals aren’t aligned with what matters most to you, with how you want to impact the world, yourself, and the people around you, then it can be excruciating to find the willpower to pursue those goals. So, the first step is to ask yourself what matters most to you, and use this to summon your willpower and apply it to the things you care about.When struggling with self-control, I try to pull myself out of the moment. I view the big picture, and I remember how today’s goals will help me get there.For me, making the world a better place (even just a tiny bit) and taking care of myself are what matters most. To do one (improving the world), I have to do the other (taking care of myself), and this is how I find and replenish my willpower . When struggling with self-control, I try to pull myself out of the moment. I view the big picture, and I remember how today’s goals will help me get there. And somehow, when you’re looking at the big picture, doing the little things, today’s things, don’t seem so hard. Because right now that’s all I have to worry about: doing today’s things that relate to my goal. Tomorrow, I will do tomorrow’s things. Don’t try to fight the instant gratification side of yourself, because it will exhaust you. Instead, focus on what you can control: your actions.This comes back to something McGonigal stresses: Don’t try to control what you can’t control, you’ll just feel stuck and overwhelmed. Don’t try to fight the instant gratification side of yourself, because it will exhaust you. Instead, focus on what you can control: your actions. Your freedom is in your choices. Embrace that freedom. This truth that I’m working towards something meaningful, however slowly, is where I find my strength to choose temporary discomfort. And this is where you will find your strength, too. Be Aware of Your Mind Mindfulness is the ability to watch your thoughts and feelings and sensations, in the moment, without judgement. To be aware of what’s really going on in your head. To read between the lines of what you tell yourself. A big part of willpower is just being conscious of your choices: McGonigal says, “Willpower is about being able to hold opposites. So I can feel the emotion, I can feel the craving, and at the very same time, I just make my awareness big enough to hold my commitment to make a different choice. Your ability to hold those opposites is what gives people willpower over time.” Temptation, the downfall of the willpower-impaired everywhere. That oh-so-human sensation, the craving with your whole being for something, whatever it may be. I’ve always struggled with temptation, and have lived most of my life as a slave to it. A craving pops up, I satisfy it. When I was younger and dumber I thought this was a form of self-care, but it’s the opposite. Over time this has weakened me. It turned me into an instant-gratification monkey and I’ve had to work very hard to find the strength to listen to cravings without acting on them, to rewire my brain. Mindfulness is the ability to watch your thoughts and feelings and sensations, in the moment, without judgementA big part of willpower is just being conscious of your choices. The crazy thing is, mindfulness reduces cravings. So just listening to your temptations helps them go away. Mindfulness rewires your brain. When you crave something, your brain is processing multiple concepts: the object you crave, the stress of not having the object, the feeling of desire, how to satisfy your craving, and so on. It appears that mindfulness â€" just the simple act of stepping in and watching this all go down inside your head â€"disrupts this complex brain process, and dissolves the craving over time. The more you watch and disrupt the process, the more you train your brain to default to this new process of watching the craving but not submitting. Over time you’ve rewired your brain, and your willpower muscle is now strong and healthy. Be Gentle on Yourself This is a lesson that I will learn over and over, but has been a particular theme this year. For most people, it’s natural for us to be gentle on others, but unnatural to be gentle on ourselves. It’s a disease, really â€" or it feels that way sometimes.It’s natural for us to be gentle on others, but unnatural to be gentle on ourselves.I learned this lesson earlier this year when I quit drinking alcohol. It was an experiment, to go clean for a month to see how it affected my depression. After a month, I felt great, so I stopped for good. It’s been surprisingly easy. But here’s why: when I quit, I made a conscious decision to go easy on myself. If I had a drink here or there, it was fine. The world wouldn’t end. I left room for mistakes. I didn’t beat myself up and go into a downward spiral of guilt and shame if I had a drink at a friend’s house. I was easy on myself, and as a result, there was no pressure. I was free to do as I wished, and of course, because quitting a lcohol aligned with what matters most to me (self-care via making the world a better place), quitting alcohol has been a painless, and even pleasant, experience. You will not fail miserably if you take it easy on yourself. You can be compassionate with yourself and still achieve your goals. Of course, this won’t work for everyone, especially with alcohol. I’m just using it as an example: the world will not end if you give yourself a break. You will not fail miserably if you take it easy on yourself. You can be compassionate with yourself and still achieve your goals. I promise. Science backs me up here: McGonigal found that self-compassion was actually more motivating than self-criticism. We think we have to beat ourselves up to accomplish our goals, to mold ourselves into the humans we think we ought to be. But one of the most freeing truths I’ve encountered is that you do not.   McGonigal found that self-compassion was actually more motivating than self-criticism.   We succeed best when we feel safe and nurtured and cared for. But we don’t need to look outside ourselves to find that safety. We must build it inside. We must give ourselves permission to mess up. We must forgive ourselves when we do mess up. We must stop shaming ourselves into accomplishing our goals, because as much as we think it may work, in the end, it doesn’t. Or it does work and we’re miserable. The real solution is to be kind to yourself. It’s not easy, but with practice it becomes easier, and eventually (so they tell me), it’s second nature. Conclusion To me, willpower is relying on your inner strength instead of being scared by it. It’s so tempting to get in our own way of pursuing our goals. Willpower isn’t just finding the strength to do something you want to have done. Willpower is finding the strength to recognize unhealthy thoughts, to be aware of your emotions, your cravings, your desires and goals, to hold all of these things inside yourself, and to find the strength to do the thing you really want to do, to have done, to be the kind of person that you want to be. We all have this strength. It’s just a matter of finding it, training it, and becoming it. Kickstart your productivity with task management If you enjoyed this article, you might also like  our advice  on how to follow through with new resolutions in 4 simple steps.

A Large Number Of Children Around The World Especially

A large number of children around the world especially in the West have been classified as obese, and it is feared that the situation may escalate in the coming years unless the necessary measures are taken. Establishing the causes of obesity in children is a priority as it can help to develop effective preventive measures. The nature/nurture dichotomy is a central aspect in childhood obesity. Essentially, there are divided opinions on whether the propensity to conserve calories and fat in the body, which leads to obesity, is caused by biological factors (nature) or psychosocial as well as behavioral factors (nurture). This essay will argue that childhood obesity results from the interaction of nature and nurture, with the latter†¦show more content†¦According to Skelton, Irby, Grzywacz, and Miller (2012), mutation in the gene that controls leptin production causes leptin deficiency, which in turn inhibits the ability of the brain to regulate body weight. This abnormality in leptin pathways is linked with around 3-4% of severe cases of childhood obesity (Skelton, Irby, Grzywacz, Miller, 2012). Mutations in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene are also associated with early-onset of obesity. POMC neurons produce melanocortins and ÃŽ ²-endorphin, hormones that are also known to regulate feeding behavior. Therefore, deficiency of these hormones due to mutations in POMC also contributes to early onset of obesity (Skelton, Irby, Grzywacz, Miller, 2012). Other genes that are known to play a part in regulating feeding behavior in humans are MC3R and MC4R. Just like in the cases described earlier, abnormalities in MC3R and MC4R contributes to obesity in children (Skelton, Irby, Grzywacz, Miller, 2012). Despite this, mutations in genes only account for a small proportion of cases of childhood obesity. In particular, abnormalities in genes associated with body weight regulation accounts for only 5% of childhood obesity (Flemming, 2011). While the contribution of genetics in childhood obesity is unquestionable, the influence of nurture has also been documented. The most important factor associated with nurture is lifestyle, whichShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A Same Marriage1225 Words   |  5 Pagesare allowed to be with whoever they want as their spouse. There are some limitations to who they choose, especially those who come from specific background or class. Mexicans usually get married after an engagement is presented to them which can last for many years. The average age for a male to get married is around 24 and for a female it is around 22 years old. With the ever changing world, people get married at any age. 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Definition of Psychology - 1625 Words

When asked to define psychology there so many thoughts that runs through my mind. Psychology is the scientific study of ones thoughts and behavior. People think psychologically every day for example when you try to explain what someone else is doing to another person. There are many fields of study that try to understand how people think and the actions they take. Psychology is used for many different reasons not only do they study the human behavior they also help mental patients and try to figure them out and a problem that they have. Learning the scientific perspective on human behavior can help you develop a curiosity for how the human behavior works (Feist 2013). When studying psychology it not only makes you more aware of how people†¦show more content†¦A personal example of social psychology in my life is how my younger brother is the only male in our family besides our dad and growing up with three sisters that kind of took a toll on him in finding himself and not fo llowing what we did as children. Of course while he was watching us he just assumed that he could do whatever we did once my parents explained to him that we were different he started hanging out with my father more and our other male cousins when they came down. There are many ways to define what personality means; one-way to define personality is how one person sees themselves and others. Developing your own personality derives from the different characteristics, patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique (Cherry 2012). There are many theories that evolve around developing your own personality. There are several components that make up your personality consistency, psychological and packs, your actions and behaviors, and multiple expressions (Cherry 2012). Consistency is when a person acts in the same manner on a consistent basis every day. Your need to be influenced by biological processes is an example of psychological impact. How you respond and act in certain ways can impact your personality, which is an example of behavior and actions. Furthermore multiple expressions mean that your personality can be seen in multiple ways such as thoughts,Show MoreRelatedDefinition of Social Psychology1886 Words   |  8 PagesPsychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. A scientific study focuses on peoples mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. Psychology is divided into different branches, and each branch addresses its own form of content in relation to mental processes and behavior. Social psychology is one of the psychology branchesRead MoreEssay about Definition of Psychology714 Words   |  3 PagesDefinition of Psychology The term psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, which means 1. The spirit or soul. 2. The human mind. 3. In psychoanalysis, the mind functioning as the center of thought, emotion, and behavior. And logos, the study of. or according to modern researches science These root words were first combined in the 16th century, at a time when the human soul, spirit, or mind was seen as distinct from the body. Definition ofRead MoreSocial Psychology Definition Paper1122 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Psychology Definition Paper Sinthia Brye PSY/ 400 August 30, 2010 Joyce Willis Social Psychology Introduction Social psychology it observes as the influence of our situations with special attention on how we view and affect one another. Social psychology perceives the way we think, influence people, and relates to others. Social psychology lies at psychology’s boundary with sociology, which sociology is the study of people in groups and societies? Social psychology is allRead MoreCognitive Psychology Definition Paper1387 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Psychology Definition Paper Randy Strickland University of Phoenix PSY/360 Dione Johnson July 111, 2011 Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Introduction Cognition is the â€Å"science† term for the process of thought.† Its usage varies in different ways in accordance with different disciplines: For example, in psychology and cognitive science, it refers to an information processing view of an individuals psychological makeup. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitiveRead MoreDefinition and History of Industrial Psychology2947 Words   |  12 PagesGENERAL HISTORY OF INDUSTRAL PSYCHOLOGY Industrial psychology is a relatively recent subfield of psychology. In fact it did not become fully productive until about the late 1920s. The industrial side of industrial psychology has its historical origins in research on individual differences, assessment, and the prediction of performance. This branch of the field crystallized during World War I, in response to the need to rapidly assign new troops to duty stations. After the War the growing industrialRead MoreEmergence of Psychology Through Aristotles Definition and Theories on the Psychà ª956 Words   |  4 Pagescivilization for decades. According to Hergenhahn (2009) the philosophers De Anima plays a major part of psychology because it is considered to be the first text on the history of psychology. It is within that book, Aristotle seek to define the mind and the soul: psychà ª. He later based his theories involving psychology based on his definition of psychà ª. In order to develop his own definition of the mind and the soul, Aristotle brought forth the idea of empirical studies of behavior as evidence uponRead MoreMindfulness Is Still Practiced And Its One Of The Many Elements Of Buddhism906 Words   |  4 Pagesterm Sati. Pali is believed to be the language that the original teachings of Buddha were first recorded. Sati connotes awareness, attention, and remembering (Pollack, Pedulla, Siegel, 2014). While the definitions of awareness and attention are similar to that of the English language, the definition of remembering is slightly different. In Sati, remembering is more than recalling memories or events good or bad its means to remember, to continuously be aware, and pay attention. More specifically, toRead MoreTeaching Research Methods Within The Classroom1288 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Psychology undergraduates are required to study research methods within their course. Psychology undergraduates are required to study research methods within their course. Within this are many different statistical definitions which have been considered the most challenging aspect of the curriculum. An individual undergraduate psychology student took part in this study. The study aimed to increase the accuracy and fluency of the recall of these definitions by applying an interventionRead MoreHealth As Being Mentally And Physically Content With One s Self1385 Words   |  6 PagesThere are those who want to become a doctor to keep others healthy and those who want to become a counsellor to also, keep others healthy. This shows that trying to simplify the term ‘health’ into one universal definition could be a difficult task. Physical health that can be tested through x-rays and blood tests, issues such as mental and social health however cannot be tested. A person who is suffering from depression and a person who has a fever should hold the same level of importance to a doctorRead MorePsychological Progression Through Definition And Perception877 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world of psychology, scientists have discovered and developed a plethora of concepts, approache s, ideas, and principles that have now become relevant to our growth. Within this context, the analysis will center on the progressive history of psychology, including some of psychology’s primary contributors and their concepts. Furthermore, the major psychological approaches, and how they pertain to, and influence, society as we view it today. A Psychological Progression through Definition and Perception

The Hobbit Free Essays

‘The Hobbit’ is a beautiful story written by J. R. R Tolkien, and is full of happy, emotional quotes and lovely characters. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hobbit or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tolkien gives detailed descriptions of his characters using humour and often captures his young readers’ attention with short poems. For example, he begins his story with the sentence ‘In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and continues it, which then becomes a legend! Tolkien has spun a fascinating tale with adventure involving dragons, magicians, hobbits, dwarves and skin-changers etc. The protagonist, Bilbo Baggins with his heroism, self-esteem, courage and quirks like stealing skills, is an adorable character. Although he is a figment of the author’s imagination, his kindness and poignant insights infuse him with qualities akin to the best of humans. The author had started this story as a way of entertaining his own grandchild, and true to this, the book adheres to a conversational style of story-telling. For example, he writes ‘The mother of our particular hobbit- what is a hobbit? and starts describing the hobbit before describing Belladonna Took, the hobbit’s mother. The poetic quotes throughout the course of the story also reveal the writer’s style, which tells it apart from other legends, for example – ‘Far over the misty mountains cold To dungeons deep and caverns old We must away, ere break of day, To find our long-forgotten gold’ The author’s use of foreshadowing makes the plot very interesting and keep the reader’s interest alive. For example, Thorin’s key and map are revealed to be an important part of the story towards the end. Readers love these unexpected turn of events and surprises in the story! Another example of foreshadowing is when Bilbo gets the power and courage to overcome hurdles and fear in the battle of the five armies, which he could only access after he got the ring. The author has used a novel way of capturing his young readers’ attention by introducing a chapter full of riddles between Gollum, the goblin and Bilbo, in the Misty Mountains. Using riddles, Tolkien has not only successfully heightened the interest of his readers, but also given glimpses of all aspects of the story! The interesting twists in the story and Bilbo’s good luck at narrowly escaping death or loss at crucial times in the story also have a gripping effect on the readers. Children love to see the arrival of Gandalf, the magician, when Bilbo is in need, as they also delight in his escape from the clutches of the goblins and the elves in barrels after he steals the ring, and his courage and skill in getting out of the giant spider’s trap. I also like the Greek term exemplified in Gandalf’s rescue in the Misty Mountains, which is ‘deux ex machina’, which means a God given man for help. Again, due to sheer luck, Bilbo is able to get away from the dragon’s lair. But a sad part of the story is the destruction of Laketown by Smaug, the dragon. The readers are relieved when Bard slays Smaug. Bilbo and his group get a further taste of adversity when the goblins and wargs, who have also heard about Smaug’s death, come looking for their share and cause the battle of the five armies. Thorin becomes a martyr for their group, while Bilbo is struck with a rock and loses consciousness. The author reveals Bilbo’s wise and compassionate side when Bilbo gives the Arkenstone to Bard in an attempt to stop conflict between Bard and Thorin before the battle. I liked the last part when Bilbo returns back with Gandalf and Beorn, who help their group win the battle of the five armies as well as many skirmishes in Mirkwood before that. The enjoyable part here is that Bilbo gets amused by seeing an auction going on at his place! I love the story and also its moral that we should not let our fears get in the way of what we want to do or be in life. The cheerful quotes and poems provide a lot of fun to the readers as well! How to cite The Hobbit, Essay examples The Hobbit Free Essays This summer I read the book, â€Å"The Hobbit†, by J. R. R. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hobbit or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tolkien. It was a really interesting book with ups and downs just like any other. It was an adventure about a little hobbit named Bilbo who slowly discovers how brave and courageous he is. He is accompanied by 13 dwarves and occasionally a wizard named Gandalf. Together they face Goblins, Trolls, giant Spiders, Elves and even a dragon. There were things that I really enjoyed watching lay out and things that I felt brought the story line down. Throughout the book, I noticed that Gandalf had great confidence in Bilbo. I love the way that he knew Bilbo had potential and wouldn’t let anyone say differently. Bilbo was a weak and timid little hobbit who had no idea what the world was like and what dangers were ahead of him. Gandalf could see the adventurous heart in Bilbo when no one else could. He had chosen him to be the fourteenth member of the team and was not going to be moved by any creature. In the beginning of the book, Bilbo is flabbergasted when Gandalf tells him that he will give him what he asked for. â€Å"I beg your pardon, I haven’t asked for anything! † (Tolkien 7) He was so scared to think that he would have to go on such a perilous journey. He had never been past the safe comfort of his hobbit-hole and was not ready to cross that line. Gandalf somehow knew that deep down Bilbo was longing for adventure. â€Å"In fact I will go so far as to send you in this adventure,† (Tolkien 7) He had an incredible faith for him that showed up quite a few times. Even though Bilbo did mess up, he would still stand up for him â€Å"Let’s have no more argument. I have chosen Mr. Baggins and that ought to be enough for all of you† (Tolkien 19) â€Å"I brought him, and I don’t bring things that are of no use. †(Tolkien 85) Bilbo was extremely unsure of himself and didn’t know how he could be of help. Because of this, the dwarves assumed that he had no significance on their expedition and that he was even a weigh down. â€Å"You! You! You miserable hobbit! You undersized burglar! † (Tolkien 247) They would persistently put him down, but Gandalf always took little Bilbo’s side. It was so fun to see Bilbo become the courageous, sneaky and cunning conqueror that he really was inside. He thought that he would never be able to do the things that he did. Every now and then he would start to warm up to the idea of danger but then catch himself and hide once again. It took quite a while for him to see how brave he was, but he got it in the end. Sorry! I don’t want any adventures, thank you. † (Tolkien 7) Later he fights giant spiders and out-talks Gollum. He turns out to be the bravest one on the expedition! He was the most valuable person and they would not have completed their quest without him. One thing that I really didn’t like was when the dragon came along. The whole book they talked about how the dragon would be the most difficult to handle. When they finally get to the mountain, all the dwarves can think about is the dragon. They have to hide by the secret door and be totally silent so that they don’t wake it. Bilbo sneaks into the mountain to spy around. He finds the dragon and makes it so upset that it tries to destroy everything in its path. The dragon is the only thing holding them back. The thought of the battle they were going to have was exciting. They left you in the suspense of who was going to fight it and who would get hurt and still give everything. As the dragon is rampaging through Esgaroth, Bard shoots it with one arrow. The dragon falls dead. That’s it? I was definitely hoping for something more than that. I felt like they led up to it really well and then didn’t even have anything happen. The way that the characters spoke really reflected who they were. Gollum, for example, called himself â€Å"my precious† and never spoke to anyone but himself. It was almost like his trademark. Gandalf was ‘the wise one’. His word choice made him seem mysterious like an old wizard should be. â€Å"Do you wish me a good morning, or mean that it is a good morning whether I want it or not; or that you feel good this morning; or that it is a morning to be good on? † (Tolkien 5) On page 41, however, I feel like he ‘lost his cool’ when he yelled at Bilbo for asking an acceptable question. It seemed to make him less wise and more†¦ cranky. Bilbo of course talked of his hobbit-hole and how he wished for food and warmth. The dialogue of the character seemed as if it was their own. I think that they made Bilbo too old for the way he acts. He is always curious to know about things but so scared. He is never ‘just there’. Like a younger person, he is always alert and ready to see what is happening next. He is good at sneaking around and is very clever and active. T he book was very interesting, and I enjoyed reading it, but the speeds changed too much. You couldn’t feel the suspense as much because the same thing happened over and over, and they didn’t go on very long: they would get captured and then they would escape. It was all very creative but I would have liked to be able to get into the moments more. After they get their share of money and fight the Goblins, nothing happens. That should be extremely close to the last page of the book. The story line is over, which leads to the conclusion. When Bilbo and Gandalf go back to the Hills, it is excruciatingly laid out. The next whole chapter was on their slow journey back. The overall theme was that you can think that there is nothing to you, like Bilbo thought about himself, and think that you are small, weak, and afraid, but that is all in your head. When you set your mind to it, you can ‘get it done’, no matter how big or strong you are. â€Å"This is a story of how a Baggins had an adventure, and found himself doing and saying things altogether unexpected,† (Tolkien 4) â€Å"He suddenly felt he would go without bed and breakfast to be thought fierce,† (Tolkien 18) All of his fear was conquered and then came the confidence. â€Å"He soon realized that if anything was to be done, it would have to be done by Mr. Baggins, alone and unaided,† (Tolkien 158). How to cite The Hobbit, Essay examples

Cheap stunts Essay Example For Students

Cheap stunts Essay Using basic techniques combined with creative thinking to achieve stunts and special FX, in low-budget film making. This paper has been written with the low budget film maker in mind. Seeing as though I am personally used to working with little or no money to produce a film or a video, I have always searched, through nessicity, for new ways to create effective looking stunts, special effects, and in general unique looking shots, devices and looks in my movies. Of course stunts and special FX may not be your cup of tea when it comes to making or watching a film, and this is fair enough. If a dialogue laden script and endless two shots and close-ups take your fancy, then Im sure you dont need to be told how to achieve this. It is simply a matter of writing the script, then setting up the camera and shooting it, generally speaking.However when it comes to low budget film making these days I feel that the film maker must make a special effort to produce a movie that is unique and interesting for an audience to experience. This does not necessarily mean that the film maker must load the film with cheap stunts, blood and guts to grab an audiences attention. However they should at least try to create something that is very original and makes the audience question how they achieved the results that they did, even if the movie does consist of only two shots and close-ups. In the case of this type of movie (two shot/close-up style), the obvious plac e to start with creative thinking is when writing the script. However this should be fundamental to any script, story or idea. First of all, whoever you are, you must realise that it isnt money that makes a good film, it is the idea and how that idea is achieved in creative ways. Of course its a great thing if you do have a little bit of money to put towards a film, however, throwing around creativity will always win over throwing around a ton of cash at a film, I believe anyway. You probably already have realised this, but for the uninitiated, this is the core theme of this paper; use your creativity where possible, not your money. Of course both creativity and dollars will always show up on the screen, just in different ways. I believe however, that any given audience would rather see creative ideas expressed in a proficient manner in a low budget movie, rather than seeing expensive production values apparent in a poor idea. This is because everyone knows what is achievable these days if you have the money. However I think the same audiences are starting to get very bored with these expensive films, becaus e the film makers havent really used their creativity to develop their ideas, they have used their wallet. So how does one go about achieving a high standard when producing low budget films, in particular action and horror movies?Obviously it will depend on what your idea is, but over the following pages I will present certain methods, ideas and techniques for achieving pleasing results. Most of these methods are very basic, and it would surprise most people to find out that some of these techniques are actually used in similar ways in the film industry, not just in low budget, renegade film making. Problem: You have an idea where a character must crash through a thickly frosted glass door. How do you achieve this in a safe environment, with little or no money, and so that the finished stunt or shot looks effective and exciting?First of all, the biggest issue here is safety. Whenever possible you should employ the services of a safety officer and qualified stunt person to carry out the scene or shot. This is fundamental and goes without saying, and it is standard protocol in the industry. However things can and will go wrong, even if youve hired 10 safety officers. (The film Love Serenade is a solid example; a stunt person died jumping off a wheat silo.)However, you may not have the money to hire a stunt coordinator, or a person to perform the stunt, or a safety officer. All you have is a camera and an actor, and the actor must be the one to crash through the glass door. Seeing as though the actors safety is the main issue here, the question is how are you going to protect them during the stunt? Firstly you will need to cover them with heavy duty protection so they will be in no danger of cutting themselves up. Having done this however, the problem then shifts to the fact that they will look different during the shot, because they are wrapped up in all sorts of head gear, knee pads and chest guards etc. They will no longer look like their character is supposed to. This problem is easily solved if the film maker is willing to fit his or her story slightly to fit the stunt. If the film maker is making a horror film for instance, the standard formula in a horror movie is to have a killer chasing one or more helpless victims. So if the film maker is willing to use this formula all they have to do is make the killer so that we, the audience, cannot tell what they really look like, ie: The killer would be wearing a mask that covered their head, and a costume that fully covered their body. So if the killer is dressed as mentioned, there will be no problem in fitt ing protective clothing and/or equipment under the characters costume. This will enable the film maker to still show the character as they were intended to look, and still have them crash through a glass door. The audience will be impressed with the actual stunt and still believe that it was the killer who crashed through the glass. What the audience wont see, in regards to safety, is all the protective gear underneath the actors costume. Protective equipment can range from old sporting attire, such as cricket knee pads or skating knee and elbow pads, to using off-cuts of old car tyres to wrap around the actors neck, arms and chest. (The latter is probably better in my experience, as I have found the rubber from car tyres is very thick and cannot be easily punctured by glass, no matter how thick the glass is). In regards to safety, this is not the only preparation or precaution that must be adopted if performing this stunt. Another huge factor in achieving this type of stunt is allo wing as much time as possible to prepare for it. Under no circumstance must anyone on the set be rushed, especially the actor or person who will be performing the stunt. Of course the person who will be crashing through the glass door must be totally willing to do it, if they have any doubts whatsoever, do not let them perform the stunt. (Obviously it helps if you have friends who have tendencies to participate in high risk shenanigans.)Having said this however, there are still more ways to create an extremely safe environment in which to execute the stunt. Case Study on South Delaware Coors, Inc EssayOnce the camera is set in position, make doubly sure that you have enough film or video in your camera. There is nothing worse than preparing for three hours and then missing the stunt because you ran out of tape. The last thing to do, now that your camera is fixed, is to work out with your stunt performer some reliable cues, so that the actor knows exactly when to jump, and you know exactly when to roll camera. Finally, do one last check of the actors safety equipment and you are now ready. Once you are rolling the camera the best thing you can do is to simply relax and concentrate on what you see through the viewfinder. The actor or stunt performer will probably still surprise you when they come flying through the glass, because firstly, they will still do their last minute psyching before they jump, (which may be longer than you think), and secondly, the stunt always looks so spectacular that you cant believe your film could ever look so good. Dont take your eye away from the viewfinder until at least two to three seconds after the actor and glass has finally settled, this is just to cover yourself in terms of shot length. Also you will want to protect yourself from any last minute flying debris coming towards the camera. Having continued rolling for a few more seconds, you can now cut. Provided you have followed all the correct procedures, you should have accomplished the shot with spectacular success. If, in the one in a million chance you notice your actor lying in a pool of blood in front of the camera, dont panic. Obviously, you did not equip your actor with enough safety gear, and you will know to pay more attention to this next time. The one advantage of this however is that you can continue to roll camera and get some footage of the actor injured and hurt, which will make the audience believe the scene even more. Of course if the actor is hurt you must attend to them immediately, and get them to a doctor or to the hospital. However, you still may as well get one shot of them, it will only take a few extra seconds and will be worth it. However, this is truly the worst case scenario, and to just repeat, if you follow the correct procedures, and pay particular attention to safety, everything will run smoothly. Once again I stress the point; when performing a stunt like this in the industry, you would employ the services of a safety officer and stunt person. If this particular stunt was performed for a production with a budget, there would not be much difference in the way it was actually carried out. The basic difference would be that the actor wouldnt be rigged up for safety, the door would be. The glass wouldnt be real, it would be made up of a mixture of different materials, (including sugar), that when pressed into sheets and hardened, breaks very easily and harmlessly. So, to sum up, you have just achieved a high quality stunt for next to nothing, using available resources and materials. If you had employed the services of a stunt coordinator, trained stunt person and then a safety officer, you will have run up a bill of, at the very least, over a thousand dollars. Of course if you have the money then go with the safety people, dont leave anything to chance. Bibliography:

The nursing profession

Essay on Republic or DemocracyEssay Writing Service

Essay on Republic or DemocracyEssay Writing Service Essay on Republic or Democracy Essay on Republic or DemocracyThe concept of republic and democracy were not absolutely identical and Founding Fathers’ vision of the US republic differed from the contemporary view of the US political system. The Founding Fathers selected the best way of the political development for the new nation and they choose republic, where the nation is ruled by laws and collegiate government. They also established the division of powers to balance different parties, which were likely to start struggling for power in the US. Instead, today, the US political system is driven by the democracy rather than by republican concerns of the Founding Fathers.In actuality, the development of the US democracy emerged on the ground of the division of powers and fundamental principles of the US political system established by the Founding Fathers. However, the Founding Fathers stood on the ground that the US should be the Republic ruled by the Congress, the main legislative body, the President, the head of the executive power, and the Supreme Court, the judicial branch of power. These three branches were supposed to regulate and control each other. In the course of time, the distribution of power remained within the framework determined by the US Constitution. However, the democracy has become representative and its impact became prior to the republican system established by the US Founding Fathers. The Founding Fathers attempted to establish clear regulations of the nation based on the relations between powers and people were the major source of power. The modern democracy has replaced the direct democracy by the representative democracy.Thus, the development of the US democracy shifted toward the representative democracy.

The Law of Tort Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Law of Tort - Case Study Example Ancillary claims are founded on accusations of intentional infliction of emotional distress.4 The discussion that follows examines the development of the Tort of Trespass and the available defences to such claims. Assault is any conduct which puts an individual in fear of immediate unlawful harm or force upon his or her person.5 In other words, physical contact is not a necessary element in the Tort of assault. Intention to cause harm is not a necessary element in the Tort of Trespass to the person founded on a claim of assault. Lord Denning stated early on in the case of Letang v Cooper [1965] QB 232 that: Reasonable apprehension of injury or even mere contact is sufficient to substantiate a trespass to the person claim in assault. It matters not whether the intended victim is afraid or is capable of thwarting any assault. The test is an objective one and will depend on the reasonable apprehension of the reasonable man, rather than the particular and unique characteristics of the intended victim. In Stephens v Myers (1830) 4 C & P 349 the defendant was ordered to leave a parish meeting. In retaliation he launched for the chairman but the church warden quickly interceded and therefore no contact was made. After finding the defendant liable for the Tort of assault, Lord Tindal, CJ said that: For example in Thomas v Num [1986] Ch. ... However, if there is no reason to believe that the defendant can physically carry out his or her threat, the Tort of assault will not be substantiated. As Lord Tindal said: "'it is not every threat, when there is no actual physical violence, that constitutes an assault, there must, in all cases, be the means of carrying the threat into effect."8 For example in Thomas v Num [1986] Ch. 20 pickets making threats of violence accompanied by threatening gestures were held back by police and those to whom the threats were directed gained entry to the premises under protest via vehicles. There was no assault since the defendants could not have carried out their threatened conduct. In the circumstances of the case the reasonable man, having regard to the restraint placed upon the defendants by police presence could not have reasonably apprehended harm.9 At one time words alone could not constitute an assault. The case relied upon was R v Meade and Belt (1823) 1 Lew CC 184 in which it was held that: "'no words or singing are equivalent to an assault".10 However, in the case of R v Ireland [1998] AC 147 the House of Lords departed from this rule. Although the case itself was concerned with the criminal offence of assault it stands to reason that the same logic applies to the Tort of Trespass to the person with respect to assault. It was held that: "'the means by which persons of evil disposition may intentionally or carelessly cause another to fear immediate and unlawful violence vary according to circumstances".11 Lord went on to add that: "The proposition that a gesture may amount to an assault, but that words can never suffice, is unrealistic and indefensible. A thing said

Global Financial Crisis on Japan Country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Financial Crisis on Japan Country - Essay Example Global financial crisis also reduced the flow of money in the country’s economy. During the economic downturn, many Japanese opted to cut down their shopping budgets. This greatly affected the revenues of businesses that already had less ability to access credit. Further more investors became weary of putting their money into companies. This too had a severe impact on businesses. The stock market business collapsed, making many business men lose a large portion of their investment (Needle, 2010, p. 476). Companies found it hard to survive under unconducive environment caused by the economic crisis. The senior managers of the largest Japan realized the need to cut cost for the sake of their company’s survival. Labor being one of the business greatest expenses, many people lost their jobs. The largest companies eliminated job opportunities on a large scale leaving many Japanese jobless (Batten& Szilagyi, 2011, p. 375). Other small businesses simply found out that they could not survive the adverse effect of the global economic crisis. These companies opted to close down their activities, leaving too many of their workers jobless. During the global financial crisis, many companies also reduced their charitable activities across Japan. This act eliminated chances of many Japanese to access resources they desperately needed. Many of them were unable to access clean water and security (Paul, 2010, p. 223). Following the effect of the global market turmoil, the FSA has initiated several measures aimed at regulating the functioning of financial intermediation. FSA has initiated a new capital injection scheme, to enhance proper flow of capital in the country as it was before the downturn (Paul, 2010, p. 254). FSA has also introduced new regulatory framework for credit rating agencies. It has considerably strengthened the disclosure requirement for financial firms with respect to their exposure to securitization

The Green Programs Of Marriott International Corporation Tourism Essay

The Green Programs Of Marriott International Corporation Tourism Essay Since 1987, the concept of sustainability was mentioned on a coordinated international platform, the movement towards sustainability had been expanded over the globe. The governmental and non-governmental organizations, corporations and consumers those focusing on exist in harmony are increasingly with the surroundings and environmental footprints. The hospitality industry also not exception, therefore the sustainability concept had begun to gain the momentum in this industry. (Ernst and Young, 2008) Alison Sperry (2010) defined that Going Green is making the daily decisions with responsible that benefits to the environment and also can reduce waste and pollution. This concept also encourages a lifestyle of recycling, using chemical-free products, using the alternative energy sources such as the wind and solar, and reducing the dependency on fossil fuels for energy. Hotel businesses developed and operated by the consumption of significant amounts of natural resources which are affected the sustainability of the natural environment. The field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) therefore, has grown considerably over the last decade due to an increasing number of companies formally recognising the impacts they have on the environment, on society and on the economy (Jones et.al, 2006). Ernst and Young (2008) defined that green: not a black and white issue. The travellers that concerned about the environment were increasingly and they always make their own determination as to what constitutes greenness in the lodging industry. According to Deloitte Survey (2008) showed that, consumers, employees and individual travellers start to concerned more about the hospitality industrys sustainability. Most of the individuals also start to changes their lifestyles and accepting higher green standards for themselves and also to the companies that they cooperate with. Marriott International has more than twenty-year commitment to start the environmental preservation. The Marriott International is working toward a greener, healthier planet and their operating units are employ methods to protect the surroundings of natural and resources (Marriott, 1996 2010). Every year, the Marriott International and its owners had spent around 10 billion just for buy the products and services for its 3,300 hotels around the world. Marriott International also expanding its green hotels and buildings portfolios. Besides that, approximately 275 of Marriotts hotels have received the ENERGY STAR ® label from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Marriott, 1996 2010). Last but not least, Marriott International also was ranked 42nd out of 100 in The Greenest Big Companies on Newsweeks first-ever list. Moreover, Marriott International also gets the 2009 Tourism for Tomorrow Award for Sustainability in the categories of the Global Tourism Business by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (Marriott, 1996 2010). The Problem Statement The problem of this topic is about how Marriott International. Inc. practices their going green programs in their properties. Marriott International Corporation is a leading worldwide hospitality company (Marriott, 2010). Currently, Marriott has more than 3100 of lodging properties is in the United States and 65 is in other countries and territories through 17 lodging, and vacation resort ownership brands (Marriott, 2009). Marriott Corporation has more than twenty year commitment with environmental preservation (Marriott, 2010). In 2007, Marriott formed a Global Green Council, a cross-functional team of senior executives that collaborated with Conservation International, a global environmental organization, to evaluate its practices, set long-term goals, develop an environmental strategic plan and catalyze its progress (Marriott, 2010). Five-point Environmental Strategy of Marriott International was developed in collaboration with Conservation International which are includes (Marriott, 2009): Reduce Consumption of Water, Waste and Energy Greener Buildings, expansion of LEED-certified hotels Greening Supply Chain Protecting the Rainforest with Carbon Offsets Employee Guest Engagement Over the last decade, for, the Marriott International corporate organized the Going Green programs which involved in energy conservation by changed 450,000 of the light bulbs with fluorescent lighting, installed around 400,000 low-flow of showerheads and toilets and also introduced the linens reuse programs in their hotels worldwide (Marriott, 2009). Besides that, the Marriotts Retro-Commissioning (MRCx) program, planning process and a comprehensive evaluation that helps their properties which conducted more than 30 of their largest properties become as energy efficient as possible (Marriott, 2009). Through the projects to completed over last few years and those which currently under way, Marriott anticipate saving 12 million kilowatts of power (Marriott, 2009). In general, properties find that after it implement all the recommendations that evolved from an MRCx assessment, it energy costs decrease 5 to 25 per cent, they are also achieving on the average and a payback on their invest ment in just 1.4 years (Marriott, 2009). In the Americas, Marriott achieved a 2.2 per cent reduction per available room (Marriott, 2009). In late 2009, through a partnership with a U.S.-based landscaping company, Marriott adopted a climate-specific approach to landscaping, using native plants and restricted colour palettes to reduce irrigation demands and cut the amount of fertilizer required to keep plants healthy (Marriott, 2009). In 2009, Marriotts landfill waste in the USA totalled 726,993 tons which reflects a 17 per cent reduction from 2007(Marriott, 2009). Additionally, its recycling rate also was increased to 69 per cent and all the header quarters waste also was diverted from the landfill to the waste-to-energy plant (Marriott, 2009). Also, Marriott expanding its existing of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle programs that already in place of 90 per cent of hotels which included guest room and meeting rooms (Marriott, 2009). Forty Marriott International hotels are expected to receive the LEED certification from the USGBC (USGBC, 2010). In addition, Marriott internationals global Headquarters in Bethesda was received the LEED-Existing Building Gold status (USGBC, 2010). Moreover, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency also had awarded Marriott International for three following years with its Sustained Excellence Award and more than 275 of its hotels also placed the ENERGY STAR ® label (Marriott, 2010). Marriott has teamed up with many Corporation or organizations to help them support their efforts to preserve and protect the environment (Marriott, 2009). For instance, Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (FAS), Conservation International, ENERGY STAR ®, International Tourism Partnership (ITP), and U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). The Marriotts protecting the rainforest strategy is help to protect 1.4 million of acres in endangered rainforest for the Juma Sustainable Development Reserve (Marriott, 2009). Research Questions The followings are some key questions addressed by his research: Is the Marriott International had practiced the going green? How the Marriott International practiced the going green in this industry? Why the Marriott international will practiced the going green? What level of going green programs of Marriott International? What differences between Marriott Internationals going green program with other companies? Does the going green program increase the income of Marriott International? Research Objectives To answer the above research questions, this study seek to accomplish the following objectives: To investigate going green practiced among all Marriott Internationals properties. To determine how the Marriott International practiced the going green. To determine the reasons of Marriott International practiced the going green. To examine the level of going green practiced among all Marriott Internationals properties. To compare the level of going green with other companies. To determine the advantages and disadvantages of going green in Marriott International. To defined the relation between hospitality industry and CSR. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework Conceptual Framework Marriott International. Inc. Going Greens Programs The strategies and programs of going green in Marriott International. Inc. Identify the concept and structure of CSR in hospitality industry. The Actions that practices by Marriott International corporate. Theoretical Framework This research mostly searches on the Marriott International Corporate practising the level of going green in most of their properties. The reason why Marriott International become famous in going green program because their organized a lot of events or activities to greening their companies. In the internet or newspaper, we can see that Marriott International corporate organized a lot of activities in greening and get a lot of award internationally in greening program. Besides that, their also is one of the famous go green corporate in the world. Moreover, the going green is not easy to practices in the companies because it need a lot of resources to make it really work. Scope and Limitation This study was carried out among all Marriott International in going green program. The Marriott International, Inc.s operations are grouped into the five business segments which are North American Limited-Service Lodging, North American Full-Service Lodging, Luxury Lodging, International Lodging and Timeshare. This study also for defined the level of go green in Marriott International Corporate by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Significance of the Study The significant of this research proposal is to evaluate the level of going green activities that practices or organized by Marriott International Corporate. According to The New York Times (2009), the Marriott International announced that they would no longer deliver newspapers to every guestroom in the morning. They only will deliver to which guest rooms had requested a newspaper or can pick one up in the lobby. Although that change is arguably as much about saving money more than saving trees. Marriott had assessed that it would reduce the newspaper distribution at its hotels to about 18 million only annually. Furthermore, this research is for acknowledge people around the world to know how important and advantages of going green in hospitality industries now a days. Now, most of the knowledge people are targeting the greening companies to cooperate with than normal companies. This is why more and more companies going to practising greening in their company because followed by the trend of all around the world. CHAPTER TWO Literature Review 2.1 Introduction The literature review will begin with an essential understanding of the key points needed in order to accomplish the aim of the project. The research will be analysed in the literature to help construct an academic structure on the definition and concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The literature will also evaluate the purpose of sustainable development in the hospitality industry and its advantages and limitations. One area which has been particularly analysed is the going green programmes that practice by the hospitality industry as it contains most of the key areas. Furthermore, the literature reviews also analysing the views, theories arguments and perspectives of previous authors for assessment. The literature reviews also will finally perform as a source with which to analyse the differing perspectives on these key points identify gaps for argument and highlight key issues associated with going green programme in hospitality. 2.2 Corporate Social Responsibility Definitions and Concepts The field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has grown considerably over the last decade due to an increasing number of companies formally recognising the impacts they have on the environment, on society and on the economy (Jones et.al, 2006). CSR issues are now being combined into all parts of the business operations. CSR is made in the missions, visions and value statements of companies all around the world (Ofori and Hinson, 2007). Definitions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have, however, remained an area of deliberation from the concepts very beginnings. A variety of definitions have been framed. The Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (2001, p.6 ) defines CSR as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a concept whereby companies integrate environmental and social concerns in the business operations and in their interactions with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. Therefore, CSR is not just fulfilling legal responsibilities but may also go beyond compliance to embrace wider social, environmental and economic goals (Brussels, 2001). The concept of CSR is one which has emerged over the last 50 years to occupy a significant role in certain aspects of organisational theory and has only been in wide use since the 1960s (Meehan et al., 2006). CSR was eventually recognised as businesses that are part of society and have the potential to make a positive impact to the social goals (Jones et al., 2006). CSR therefore seems to be synonymous with charitable and voluntary acts by business organisations designed to improve social skills. Conversely, Donaldson and Preston (1995) believe that businesses are not responsible to society but responsible to their stakeholders and view CSR from this perspective. Furthermore, one of most cited definitions of CSR is defined by the World Bank (2003), which defines CSR as the responsibility of businesses to contribute to the sustainable economic development which working with internal stakeholders, the local community, and society to improve the quality of life which is positive for business and development. The similarity among these different definitions of CSR is that companies should engage in CSR behaviour as part of their organisational strategy. Bevan et al. (2004) list nine potential benefits of CSR which include reduced operating costs; improved profitability and financial performance; enhanced capability to innovate; better risk and crisis management; long-term sustainability for companies and the workforce; improved staff commitment and involvement; good relations with government and society; enhanced reputation and brand value; and enhanced customer relationships and increased awareness of customer needs. 2.3 The Sustainability Development of the Hotel Industry International Tourism Partnership (2010) defines the term green in business as initially related to the environmental issues. It also has evolved to include all aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability. Sloan et al. (2009) define a sustainable hospitality operation as one which manages its resources in such a way that economic, social and environmental benefits are maximised in order to meet the need of the present generation while protecting and increasing opportunities for future generations. According to Green Hotels Association (2010), Green Hotels have gained a foothold in lodging operators contribution to societys concern for the environment which focuses on programmes which are designed to reduce solid waste, save water and save energy. Programme components such as towel rack hangers and sheet-changing cards have achieved positive responses by hotel management staff as well as guests for over ten years. The UK hotel sector would appear to accept that it does have an impact on the environment (Brown, 1996). This is not only confirmed by exploratory research but also through the formation of the International Tourism Partnership (ITP). The ITP has published an environmental magazine, the Green Hotelier, whose readership cares about environmentally and socially responsible hotel behaviour as focused on positive sustainable travel and tourism development (International Tourism Partnership, 2010). According to research by the Carbon Trust (Green hotelier, 2010), rising energy prices and taxes are the biggest worries facing the British hospitality industry in 2010. This view is supported by Alexander and Kennedy (2002) who find that the most wasteful and costly of resources usage in hotels are commonly in the consumption of over water usage, non-renewable energy and also the overall wastage. 2.4 The state of CSR within the Hospitality and Tourism Industry The state of CSR within hospitality and tourism enterprises may be slightly different from that in other businesses. Since 1992, the trend in the hospitality and tourism industry has been to focus on environmental concerns, use of technology, and efficient use of energy (Henderson, 2001). European hospitality organisations have established two initiatives that improve CSR in the European hospitality sector which are European Federation of Food and Agriculture and Tourism Trade Unions (EFFAT) and Green Hotels (Holcomb, 2007). In 2004, the EFFAT and the Confederation of National Associations of Hotels, Cafà ©s and Restaurants in Europe drafted the agreement parameters for employers to sign a joint document on CSR, concerning working conditions, pay, equal opportunity, training, health and safety, and restructuring (The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2008). These combined actions would appear to show the hospitality industrys adoption of and commitment to socially respo nsible behaviour as opposed to externally derived governmental compliance directives. 2.5 Green initiatives, incentives and green wash Nunes and Bennett (2010) list two categories of green initiatives that are operational in the marketplace. Firstly, businesses focus on integrating green features into the design or characteristics of individual products, for instance, developing a laundry detergent that is eco-friendly. Secondly, larger proportions of resources have been committed to reductions in the amount of waste generated and energy used, and also to building green and limiting CO2 emissions from production. In a major study, Alexander and Kennedy (2002) propose a Zero Waste Approach that includes energy efficiency, water conservation and solid waste reduction, which can increase efficiency, provide cost savings, reduce the burden of extraction from and waste to nature, and allow more resources to be available. This view is supported by Nunes and Bennett (2010) who suggest that, ideally, green behaviour should go beyond simply creating a recyclable product to a more holistic incorporation of sustainable values into a corporations core principles and values. Bohdanowicz et al. (2005) finds that the availability of facility-specific data and access to information on the relevant best practice are essential for assessing and benchmarking the environmental performance of hotel facilities. Alexander and Kennedy (2002) suggest an option for conserving energy which is implement energy-efficient projects in space heating and cooling systems. For instance, The Hyatt Regency International Hotel in New Zealand developed a project to link energy use with room occupancy which has saved $14,000 of energy annually (Hyatt, 2010). Alexander and Kennedy (2002) suggest that low-flow shower heads and tap aerators are some options for water conservation, which are becoming common among hotel facilities, and the payback period can be three years depending on the extent of the project. For instance, Green Hotels Association (2010) observed water use in the La Quinta Inn, San Antonio that had saved 180,000 gallons of water per year by installing ultra-flow toi lets, low-flow shower heads and aerating taps in each room. In addition, Priesnitz (2008, p.14 ) defines greenwash as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.the acts of misleading consumers regarding the environmental practices of a company or the environmental benefits of a product or service. Whellams and MacDonald (2007) label the corporations as greenwashers if they spend more on corporate image advertising that boasts about humanitarian programmes than on the programmes themselves, for instance, charities, donations or contributions. Greenwashing can have fatal effects on a companys trustworthiness. This view is supported by Priesnitz (2008) who points out that not only are a firms customers deceived, but, that greenwashing can also ruin relationships with all stakeholders. 2.6 Case study of Accor and Hilton Based on their total room number and location of their hotels, the two hotel groups selected for case study were Accor Hotel Group (Europe) and Hyatt Corporation (USA), being in 2009 the top 10 hotel groups in UK (Caterersearch, 2010). Marriott International Corporate also is one of the top 10 hotel groups in UK. Company Number of hotels Number of rooms Number of hotels worldwide 1 Whitbread Hotel Company 577+ 40,000+ 580 2 InterContinental Hotels Group 248 34,955 4,200 3 Travelodge (Dubai  International Capital) 372 23,150 380+   4 Accor Hotels 138 19,996 4,000 5 Hilton Hotels Corporation 78 16,566 3,200   6 Best  Western 285 15,305 4,035   7 Wyndham Worldwide 122 12,274 7,000 8   Marriott Hotels 58 12,015 3,200   9 Carlson  Hotels Worldwide   50 9,718 1,030 10   The  Rezidor Hotel Group  Ã‚   42 7.759 380 Table 1: Top 10 Hotel Groups in the UK, 2009 by number of bedrooms. (Caterersearch, 2010) Accor Group Hotels Accor currently manages 4,100 hotels under 13 different brands worldwide (Accor, 2010). The philosophy of Accor Corporation is respect for diverse cultures and incorporating environmental best practices in all its properties operations (Accor, 2010). The goals of their Earth Guest programme, launched in 2006, are to reduce water and energy consumption, promote balanced nutrition and to double, in three years, the number of hotels that offer fair-trade products (Accor, 2010). The programme is divided into two parts which are a social responsibility development area (EGO) and an environmental responsibility development area (ECO) (Accor, 2010). EGO is includes programmes for local development, the protection of children, combating of epidemics and the promotion of healthy eating. Besides that, the ECO is includes the reduction of water and energy usage and the preservation of biodiversity, as well as the upgrading of waste sorting and recycling (Accor, 2008 and 2009). The Hoteliers Environmental Charter is Accors internal benchmarking tool and provides the local hotel managers with guidelines for environmentally sustainable business practices. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (2010), the 88% of 4,000 Accors properties has adopted Hoteliers Environmental Charter. The Charter gives hotel managers and employees clear instructions on how resources can be saved in the areas of energy, water and waste (Accor, 2008). The first and second point of Hoteliers Environmental Charter considers is energy and water (Accor, 2010). Compact fluorescent light bulbs are used in 82% hotels for areas that remain light 24 hours a day (Accor, 2010). Accor also continued to promote the use of renewable energy sources, installing solar-powered hot water systems in 32 hotels in 2009, with a total of 99 hotels now equipped worldwide (Accor, 2009). Accor is actively involved in water conservation measures and water usage per occupied room, total was reduced 4% between 2006 and 2009 (Accor, 2009). Moreover, flow-regulators have now been installed in showers and faucets in 89% of hotels (Accor, 2009). Accor actively promotes waste sorting and recycling as well as eco-designed products for instance, 51% of hotels recover paper, cardboard and glass (Accor, 2008). Accor has improved its performance in waste management by manage with a dedicated waste management module that monitor the amount of waste produced per room, the recovery rate and the cost of waste disposal (Accor, 2009). Waste Traceability mainly concerns the separation of waste, where the company already achieves a high score in France owing to its proactive information policy (Accor, 2008). According to Accor (2010), their hotel prefers eco-labelled suppliers. In 2002, Accor dispatched an environmental purchasing charter to its purchasing organisations as well as to over 2,000 preferred suppliers (Sloan et al., 2009). Hilton Hotels Currently, Hilton Hotels Corporation has more than 3,200 hotels and 525,000 rooms in 77 countries. In 2009, Hilton is new global headquarters in McLean, Virginia which meets the highest environmental standard for his design, operation and construction (Environmental Leader, 2009). Besides that, the sustainability target that aims in coming 2014 by Hilton Hotels was announced. Those include: 20 per cent: Reducing energy consumption from direct operations; 20 per cent: Reducing output of waste; 20 per cent: Reducing CO2 emissions; And 10 per cent: Reducing the water consumption. Furthermore, Hilton had already started to green its properties operations. Hilton says that it was reduced CO2 emissions in Hilton hotels that participating by more than 64,000 tons or 56 per cent of its carbon footprint. Those are from the introduction of carbon-free electricity at its properties in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Moreover, they also said that, it has also reduced around 10 per cent in over the last two years for the water consumption and energy usage. Hilton Hotels also reported that, in May it has delivered more than 10 per cent in last year of energy savings which across more than 80 hotels in the Europe. Summary In 2007, the Association of Corporate Travel Executives had conducted a survey which showed that, only 1/3 of corporate travel policies had promoted the sustainable tourism. Most of the major hotel chains are looking the ways to participate in green concept to their hotels; the water and energy conservation became popular ways to greening. Therefore, Marriott International has set their goal to lowering the GHG emissions around 2.2 million pounds by 2010 which said by Ed Fuller- the president and managing director of Marriott. Besides that, Wolfgang Neuman of Hilton Hotels also looking toward the eco-friendly in solar heating, air-conditioning and heat recovery systems to extract the water waste from another system and use it in other ways in short term period. As well as the 200 of Accors hotels in France will have Solar Panels by 2010. CHAPTER THREE Methodology 3.1 Introduction In this research, in order to obtain the broad of knowledge about environmental operating practise in the hotel industry, a wide range of secondary sources will be reviewed. In addition, research strategy adopted was to conduct multiple case studies in two top hotel and Marriott companies in Europe and the USA. The main data collection techniques used in this research study was documentation analysis and content analysis. This chapter is divided into three sections. First, the interpretive stance in the field of information system is examined; second section is about the construction of the secondary research design which deals with the research design and covers the reasons for selecting resources; third section is describes the research approach followed in case study research. 3.2 Research Design Currently, the secondary literatures have increase rapidly, particularly as new resources which are developed or ready through the internet (Saunders et al., 2009). In this research project, secondary research will allow the research to incorporate suitable and reliable data of green operation initiative in hospitality, so that all the gathered data can respond to the research questions relating to the green activities of hotel in Europe and the USA. Secondary research differs from primary research in the collection of the documentary is not the responsibility of the analyst. Stewart and Kamins (1993) was point out that the analyst enters the picture after the data collection effort is over in secondary research. On the other hand, in primary research, the analyst is responsible for the design of research, the collection of data and the analysis and summary of the information (Stewart and Kamins, 1993). Secondary data although, has lack of direct control of the date, type, and procedure for collecting and recording of the data (Sauder et al, 2009), however, secondary data is more financial and time saving. For instance, secondary data particularly not necessary to wait for or pay to marketing researchers for a research project to collect primary data. By using secondary data, author can has more time and effort in analysing and interpreting the data, as it has already been collected. Secondary research moreover may increase the quality of the research by targeting the real dilemma and mistakes. Consultation on secondary resources increases the efficiency of the research by targeting real gaps and oversights in knowledge. Primary research therefore has not been used in this project due to the wide variety of secondary data has been found. Primary research methods such as, questionnaires or interviews will not provide relevant information for this topic. On this basis, it can be concluded that secondary research is the main source of information provided in this study including information from academic journals, books, corporate reports and internet. Nevertheless, author should analyse cautiously the information gathered to determine its validity and reliability. This is because the research only uses one kind of research models and the argument generated about research topic. 3.3 Sources of Data 3.3.1 Secondary Data Secondary research data is the key resource of information incorporate in this research proposal. However, the different secondary resources might have different type of information. A guideline for obtain valid and reliable information from different resources therefore, has been designed which can found in Table 2. Type of information Resources that might have that information Established facts and figures Reference books; official publications; government web sites General information on a topic Books of collected articles; text books; web sites of relevant organisations Reviews of the literature on a topic Journal articles; books of collected articles Publications of recent research results Journal articles; proceedings of conferences Professional and academic debates Journal articles; web sites of relevant organisations; newspapers Table 2: The types of resources that provided different information. In order to justify the authors arguments and